Estimating Nonstabilizerness, an indicator of how difficult it is to replicate a quantum computation on a classical computer

What are the elements and resources that make a quantum computer so advantageous compared to traditional computers? A new study published in PRX Quantum by Alessio Paviglianiti, Guglielmo Lami, Mario Collura, and Alessandro Silva from SISSA has sought to answer this question by introducing a tool to measure one such resource, known in technical terms as nonstabilizerness.

Nonstabilizerness is an indicator of how difficult it is to replicate a quantum computation on a classical computer: the higher it is, the harder it becomes for a traditional computer to solve it.